Minerva Policy Report: Potential of EU-Japan Cooperation in the Area of Green Steel

About the Report 

Both the EU and Japan have committed to climate neutrality by 2050. In the EU, this is anchored in the European Green Deal and operationalised through the Fit for 55 package, the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). In Japan, it is framed by the Green Transformation (GX) policy, the Basic Hydrogen Strategy, and a series of sectoral and cross-cutting measures. Given steel’s central economic role and its very high emissions, Green Steel has become a strategic test case for industrial decarbonisation in both regions.
The report’s objective is to provide policymakers, industry leaders and research institutions with a structured comparison of how the EU and Japan can accelerate the transition to Green Steel and where cooperation is possible or desirable.

Publication date: March 2026

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